This commit is contained in:
Joshua Bell 2026-01-26 21:41:26 -06:00
parent 07ec5529ac
commit f501abe660
532 changed files with 271781 additions and 0 deletions

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QMP
===
Package `qmp` enables interaction with QEMU instances via the QEMU Machine Protocol (QMP).
## Available Drivers
### Libvirt
If your environment is managed by Libvirt, QMP interaction must be proxied through the Libvirt daemon. This can be be done through two available drivers:
#### RPC
The RPC driver provides a pure Go implementation of Libvirt's RPC protocol.
```go
//conn, err := net.DialTimeout("unix", "/var/run/libvirt/libvirt-sock", 2*time.Second)
conn, err := net.DialTimeout("tcp", "192.168.1.1:16509", 2*time.Second)
monitor := libvirtrpc.New("stage-lb-1", conn)
```
#### virsh
A connection to the monitor socket is provided by proxing requests through the `virsh` executable.
```go
monitor, err := qmp.NewLibvirtMonitor("qemu:///system", "stage-lb-1")
```
### Socket
If your QEMU instances are not managed by libvirt, direct communication over its UNIX socket is available.
```go
monitor, err := qmp.NewSocketMonitor("unix", "/var/lib/qemu/example.monitor", 2*time.Second)
```
## Examples
Using the above to establish a new `qmp.Monitor`, the following examples provide a brief overview of QMP usage.
_error checking omitted for the sake of brevity._
### Command Execution
```go
type StatusResult struct {
ID string `json:"id"`
Return struct {
Running bool `json:"running"`
Singlestep bool `json:"singlestep"`
Status string `json:"status"`
} `json:"return"`
}
monitor.Connect()
defer monitor.Disconnect()
cmd := []byte(`{ "execute": "query-status" }`)
raw, _ := monitor.Run(cmd)
var result StatusResult
json.Unmarshal(raw, &result)
fmt.Println(result.Return.Status)
```
```
running
```
### Event Monitor
```go
monitor.Connect()
defer monitor.Disconnect()
stream, _ := monitor.Events()
for e := range stream {
log.Printf("EVENT: %s", e.Event)
}
```
```
$ virsh reboot example
Domain example is being rebooted
```
```
EVENT: POWERDOWN
EVENT: SHUTDOWN
EVENT: STOP
EVENT: RESET
EVENT: RESUME
EVENT: RESET
...
```
## More information
* [QEMU QMP Wiki](http://wiki.qemu.org/QMP)
* [QEMU QMP Intro](http://git.qemu.org/?p=qemu.git;a=blob_plain;f=docs/qmp-intro.txt;hb=HEAD)
* [QEMU QMP Events](http://git.qemu.org/?p=qemu.git;a=blob_plain;f=docs/qmp-events.txt;hb=HEAD)
* [QEMU QMP Spec](http://git.qemu.org/?p=qemu.git;a=blob_plain;f=docs/qmp-spec.txt;hb=HEAD)

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// Copyright 2016 The go-qemu Authors.
//
// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
// You may obtain a copy of the License at
//
// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
//
// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
// limitations under the License.
// Package qmp enables interaction with QEMU instances
// via the QEMU Machine Protocol (QMP).
package qmp
import (
"context"
"errors"
"fmt"
)
// ErrEventsNotSupported is returned by Events() if event streams
// are unsupported by either QEMU or libvirt.
var ErrEventsNotSupported = errors.New("event monitor is not supported")
// Monitor represents a QEMU Machine Protocol socket.
// See: http://wiki.qemu.org/QMP
type Monitor interface {
Connect() error
Disconnect() error
Run(command []byte) (out []byte, err error)
Events(context.Context) (events <-chan Event, err error)
}
// Command represents a QMP command.
type Command struct {
// Name of the command to run
Execute string `json:"execute"`
// Optional arguments for the above command.
Args interface{} `json:"arguments,omitempty"`
}
type response struct {
ID string `json:"id"`
Return interface{} `json:"return,omitempty"`
Error struct {
Class string `json:"class"`
Desc string `json:"desc"`
} `json:"error,omitempty"`
}
func (r *response) Err() error {
if r.Error.Desc == "" {
return nil
}
return errors.New(r.Error.Desc)
}
// Event represents a QEMU QMP event.
// See http://wiki.qemu.org/QMP
type Event struct {
// Event name, e.g., BLOCK_JOB_COMPLETE
Event string `json:"event"`
// Arbitrary event data
Data map[string]interface{} `json:"data"`
// Event timestamp, provided by QEMU.
Timestamp struct {
Seconds int64 `json:"seconds"`
Microseconds int64 `json:"microseconds"`
} `json:"timestamp"`
}
// Version is the QEMU version structure returned when a QMP connection is
// initiated.
type Version struct {
Package string `json:"package"`
QEMU struct {
Major int `json:"major"`
Micro int `json:"micro"`
Minor int `json:"minor"`
} `json:"qemu"`
}
func (v Version) String() string {
q := v.QEMU
return fmt.Sprintf("%d.%d.%d", q.Major, q.Minor, q.Micro)
}

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// Copyright 2016 The go-qemu Authors.
//
// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
// You may obtain a copy of the License at
//
// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
//
// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
// limitations under the License.
package qmp
import (
"context"
"encoding/json"
"net"
"github.com/digitalocean/go-libvirt"
)
var _ Monitor = &LibvirtRPCMonitor{}
// A LibvirtRPCMonitor implements LibVirt's remote procedure call protocol.
type LibvirtRPCMonitor struct {
l *libvirt.Libvirt
// Domain name as seen by libvirt, e.g., stage-lb-1
Domain string
}
// NewLibvirtRPCMonitor configures a new Libvirt RPC Monitor connection.
// The provided domain should be the name of the domain as seen
// by libvirt, e.g., stage-lb-1.
func NewLibvirtRPCMonitor(domain string, conn net.Conn) *LibvirtRPCMonitor {
l := libvirt.New(conn)
return &LibvirtRPCMonitor{
l: l,
Domain: domain,
}
}
// Connect establishes communication with the libvirt server.
// The underlying libvirt socket connection must be previously established.
func (rpc *LibvirtRPCMonitor) Connect() error {
return rpc.l.Connect()
}
// Disconnect shuts down communication with the libvirt server
// and closes the underlying net.Conn.
func (rpc *LibvirtRPCMonitor) Disconnect() error {
return rpc.l.Disconnect()
}
// Events streams QEMU QMP Events until the provided context is cancelled.
// If a problem is encountered setting up the event monitor connection
// an error will be returned. Errors encountered during streaming will
// cause the returned event channel to be closed.
func (rpc *LibvirtRPCMonitor) Events(ctx context.Context) (<-chan Event, error) {
events, err := rpc.l.SubscribeQEMUEvents(ctx, rpc.Domain)
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
c := make(chan Event)
go func() {
defer close(c)
// process events
for e := range events {
qe, err := qmpEvent(&e)
if err != nil {
break
}
c <- *qe
}
}()
return c, nil
}
// Run executes the given QAPI command against a domain's QEMU instance.
// For a list of available QAPI commands, see:
// http://git.qemu.org/?p=qemu.git;a=blob;f=qapi-schema.json;hb=HEAD
func (rpc *LibvirtRPCMonitor) Run(cmd []byte) ([]byte, error) {
return rpc.l.Run(rpc.Domain, cmd)
}
// qmpEvent takes a libvirt DomainEvent and returns the QMP equivalent.
func qmpEvent(e *libvirt.DomainEvent) (*Event, error) {
var qe Event
if e.Details != nil {
if err := json.Unmarshal(e.Details, &qe.Data); err != nil {
return nil, err
}
}
qe.Event = e.Event
qe.Timestamp.Seconds = int64(e.Seconds)
qe.Timestamp.Microseconds = int64(e.Microseconds)
return &qe, nil
}

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// Copyright 2016 The go-qemu Authors.
//
// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
// You may obtain a copy of the License at
//
// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
//
// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
// limitations under the License.
package qmp
import (
"bufio"
"context"
"encoding/json"
"fmt"
"io"
"net"
"os"
"sync"
"sync/atomic"
"time"
)
// A SocketMonitor is a Monitor which speaks directly to a QEMU Machine Protocol
// (QMP) socket. Communication is performed directly using a QEMU monitor socket,
// typically using a UNIX socket or TCP connection. Multiple connections to the
// same domain are not permitted, and will result in the monitor blocking until
// the existing connection is closed.
type SocketMonitor struct {
// QEMU version reported by a connected monitor socket.
Version *Version
// QEMU QMP capabiltiies reported by a connected monitor socket.
Capabilities []string
// Underlying connection
c net.Conn
// Serialize running command against domain
mu sync.Mutex
// Send command responses and errors
stream <-chan streamResponse
// Send domain events to listeners when available
listeners *int32
events <-chan Event
}
// NewSocketMonitor configures a connection to the provided QEMU monitor socket.
// An error is returned if the socket cannot be successfully dialed, or the
// dial attempt times out.
//
// NewSocketMonitor may dial the QEMU socket using a variety of connection types:
// NewSocketMonitor("unix", "/var/lib/qemu/example.monitor", 2 * time.Second)
// NewSocketMonitor("tcp", "8.8.8.8:4444", 2 * time.Second)
func NewSocketMonitor(network, addr string, timeout time.Duration) (*SocketMonitor, error) {
c, err := net.DialTimeout(network, addr, timeout)
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
mon := &SocketMonitor{
c: c,
listeners: new(int32),
}
return mon, nil
}
// Listen creates a new SocketMonitor listening for a single connection to the provided socket file or address.
// An error is returned if unable to listen at the specified file path or port.
//
// Listen will wait for a QEMU socket connection using a variety connection types:
// Listen("unix", "/var/lib/qemu/example.monitor")
// Listen("tcp", "0.0.0.0:4444")
func Listen(network, addr string) (*SocketMonitor, error) {
l, err := net.Listen(network, addr)
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
c, err := l.Accept()
defer l.Close()
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
mon := &SocketMonitor{
c: c,
listeners: new(int32),
}
return mon, nil
}
// Disconnect closes the QEMU monitor socket connection.
func (mon *SocketMonitor) Disconnect() error {
atomic.StoreInt32(mon.listeners, 0)
err := mon.c.Close()
if mon.stream != nil {
for range mon.stream {
}
}
return err
}
// qmpCapabilities is the command which must be executed to perform the
// QEMU QMP handshake.
const qmpCapabilities = "qmp_capabilities"
// Connect sets up a QEMU QMP connection by connecting directly to the QEMU
// monitor socket. An error is returned if the capabilities handshake does
// not succeed.
func (mon *SocketMonitor) Connect() error {
enc := json.NewEncoder(mon.c)
dec := json.NewDecoder(mon.c)
// Check for banner on startup
var ban banner
if err := dec.Decode(&ban); err != nil {
return err
}
mon.Version = &ban.QMP.Version
mon.Capabilities = ban.QMP.Capabilities
// Issue capabilities handshake
cmd := Command{Execute: qmpCapabilities}
if err := enc.Encode(cmd); err != nil {
return err
}
// Check for no error on return
var r response
if err := dec.Decode(&r); err != nil {
return err
}
if err := r.Err(); err != nil {
return err
}
// Initialize socket listener for command responses and asynchronous
// events
events := make(chan Event)
stream := make(chan streamResponse)
go mon.listen(mon.c, events, stream)
mon.events = events
mon.stream = stream
return nil
}
// Events streams QEMU QMP Events.
// Events should only be called once per Socket. If used with a qemu.Domain,
// qemu.Domain.Events should be called to retrieve events instead.
func (mon *SocketMonitor) Events(context.Context) (<-chan Event, error) {
atomic.AddInt32(mon.listeners, 1)
return mon.events, nil
}
// listen listens for incoming data from a QEMU monitor socket. It determines
// if the data is an asynchronous event or a response to a command, and returns
// the data on the appropriate channel.
func (mon *SocketMonitor) listen(r io.Reader, events chan<- Event, stream chan<- streamResponse) {
defer close(events)
defer close(stream)
scanner := bufio.NewScanner(r)
for scanner.Scan() {
var e Event
b := scanner.Bytes()
if err := json.Unmarshal(b, &e); err != nil {
continue
}
// If data does not have an event type, it must be in response to a command.
if e.Event == "" {
stream <- streamResponse{buf: b}
continue
}
// If nobody is listening for events, do not bother sending them.
if atomic.LoadInt32(mon.listeners) == 0 {
continue
}
events <- e
}
if err := scanner.Err(); err != nil {
stream <- streamResponse{err: err}
}
}
// Run executes the given QAPI command against a domain's QEMU instance.
// For a list of available QAPI commands, see:
// http://git.qemu.org/?p=qemu.git;a=blob;f=qapi-schema.json;hb=HEAD
func (mon *SocketMonitor) Run(command []byte) ([]byte, error) {
// Just call RunWithFile with no file
return mon.RunWithFile(command, nil)
}
// RunWithFile behaves like Run but allows for passing a file through out-of-band data.
func (mon *SocketMonitor) RunWithFile(command []byte, file *os.File) ([]byte, error) {
// Only allow a single command to be run at a time to ensure that responses
// to a command cannot be mixed with responses from another command
mon.mu.Lock()
defer mon.mu.Unlock()
if file == nil {
// Just send a normal command through.
if _, err := mon.c.Write(command); err != nil {
return nil, err
}
} else {
unixConn, ok := mon.c.(*net.UnixConn)
if !ok {
return nil, fmt.Errorf("RunWithFile only works with unix monitor sockets")
}
oobSupported := false
for _, capability := range mon.Capabilities {
if capability == "oob" {
oobSupported = true
break
}
}
if !oobSupported {
return nil, fmt.Errorf("The QEMU server doesn't support oob (needed for RunWithFile)")
}
// Send the command along with the file descriptor.
oob := getUnixRights(file)
if _, _, err := unixConn.WriteMsgUnix(command, oob, nil); err != nil {
return nil, err
}
}
// Wait for a response or error to our command
res := <-mon.stream
if res.err != nil {
return nil, res.err
}
// Check for QEMU errors
var r response
if err := json.Unmarshal(res.buf, &r); err != nil {
return nil, err
}
if err := r.Err(); err != nil {
return nil, err
}
return res.buf, nil
}
// banner is a wrapper type around a Version.
type banner struct {
QMP struct {
Capabilities []string `json:"capabilities"`
Version Version `json:"version"`
} `json:"QMP"`
}
// streamResponse is a struct sent over a channel in response to a command.
type streamResponse struct {
buf []byte
err error
}

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// Copyright 2016 The go-qemu Authors.
//
// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
// You may obtain a copy of the License at
//
// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
//
// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
// limitations under the License.
// +build !windows
package qmp
import (
"os"
"golang.org/x/sys/unix"
)
func getUnixRights(file *os.File) []byte {
return unix.UnixRights(int(file.Fd()))
}

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// Copyright 2016 The go-qemu Authors.
//
// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
// You may obtain a copy of the License at
//
// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
//
// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
// limitations under the License.
// +build windows
package qmp
import (
"os"
)
func getUnixRights(file *os.File) []byte {
return nil
}